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Tech Explained: What is PQI in Hz? – Simply Electricals
Essentially, the PQI scale includes a variety of factors that include Frames Per Second (FPS), noise reduction, colour, picture resolution and …
Source: simplyelectricals.co.uk
Date Published: 7/4/2022
View: 241
I Found out difference of PQI to Hertz | AVForums
Like everyone else, it’s very frustrating when Samsung use PQI ( picture Quality index ) instead of Hertz, that most people are used to!
Source: www.avforums.com
Date Published: 1/21/2021
View: 1136
Motion enhancement technology 1600. TV image processing …
LED TVs use PMI technologies to improve picture quality. … This indicator replaced the CMR index – Image Hertz (Clear Motion Rate), which the manufacturer …
Source: ultrait.ru
Date Published: 5/10/2021
View: 4176
Co to jest Picture Quality Index? / Poradnik – Sklep Max Elektro
Picture Quality Index vs. Hz. W hercach (Hz) podawana jest częstotliwość odświeżania. Ten parametr informuje o tym, ile razy w ciągu sekundy odświeżany jest …
Source: maxelektro.pl
Date Published: 10/13/2021
View: 7458
What is the LG Picture Mastering Index (PMI)? – LinkedIn
Calculated is the refresh rate of LG: 100 Hz (panel refresh) × 2 (interframe calculation) × 2 (backlight scanning / blinking) = 400 Hz MCI. The …
Source: www.linkedin.com
Date Published: 12/7/2021
View: 8595
Comprendre l’indice de fluidité d’image d’un téléviseur
Mais que cachent réellement des appellations telles que PQI (Picture Quality Index chez Samsung), PMI (Picture Mastering Index chez LG), PMR (Perfect Motion …
Source: www.son-video.com
Date Published: 4/6/2021
View: 2523
Defining a no-reference image quality assessment by means …
In this paper we propose a novel Blind Image Quality Assessment via … such as Spatial Frequency (SF), Universal Quality Index (UQI), …
Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Date Published: 6/17/2022
View: 3750
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- Date Published: 2021. 5. 14.
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Tech Explained: What is PQI in Hz?
If you own or have looked into buying a Samsung TV in recent years, you’ll more than likely be familiar with the term PQI (picture quality index). Now, there is something of a misconception when it comes to PQI in relation to how it equates to the Hz rating that other manufacturers use to rate the quality of their TV displays.
That’s exactly what we look at here, so that we can put to rest the idea that PQI and Hz run side by side, as in truth, whilst they both relate to picture quality, they can’t really be compared like for like. A Higher PQI, doesn’t necessarily equate to a high number of Hz.
When you’re buying a TV, you should pay attention to both the Hz and PQI specs you see, but you shouldn’t confuse one with the other. The PQI scale ranges from 900 to 4700 and Hz range from 60 up to 120 and while the upper end of one will likely give you the upper end of the other, their comparison doesn’t really bear scrutiny.
What we mean by that can be explained by the fact that if you were to do a direct PQI to Hz comparison, you would see that all Samsung TVs that had a PQI between 900 and 3300 are considered as being in the 60Hz range while a PQI of between 3400 and 4700 equates to 120Hz.
There is no easy way to convert PQI to Hz but the below table shows you what the relative equivalent is.
Pqi to Hz comparison table
PQI Hz 900 – 3300 60 3400 – 4700 120
Not Comparing Apples With Apples
Essentially, the PQI scale includes a variety of factors that include Frames Per Second (FPS), noise reduction, colour, picture resolution and colour performance. Hz, on the other hand, only relates to FPS refresh rates, so you can’t really equate one to the other.
The only way you could do a direct comparison with Hz is to only look at the FPS performance of a TV, which is only one part of what makes up a PQI score. A higher PQI rating will naturally mean that the overall display specs of a TV will be higher, which might mean higher Hz, but that’s by no means guaranteed.
Helping Our Customers Make Wise Buying Decisions
So, as you can see, Hz and PQI ratings don’t really have that much to do with each other, so you shouldn’t automatically deduce that a higher PQI means a higher FPS rate, as often it doesn’t. They’re separate scales that describe different things and as such, shouldn’t be confused nearly as much as they are by the TV buying public.
At Simply Electricals, we offer great advice on all kinds of home entertainment tech and we offer that on a huge range of the latest TVs from the biggest manufacturers.
That’s something you can see by taking a browse through our easy-to-navigate website that categorises products by brand, technology type and more.
We’re keen to be of assistance if needed too, so if you have any questions about any of the products on our website or you just want some great advice, just fire us an email [email protected] and we’ll be glad to help.
Thanks for reading. Make sure you check out our other articles all around the latest tech.
Tech Explained: What is PQI in Hz?
If you own or have looked into buying a Samsung TV in recent years, you’ll more than likely be familiar with the term PQI (picture quality index). Now, there is something of a misconception when it comes to PQI in relation to how it equates to the Hz rating that other manufacturers use to rate the quality of their TV displays.
That’s exactly what we look at here, so that we can put to rest the idea that PQI and Hz run side by side, as in truth, whilst they both relate to picture quality, they can’t really be compared like for like. A Higher PQI, doesn’t necessarily equate to a high number of Hz.
When you’re buying a TV, you should pay attention to both the Hz and PQI specs you see, but you shouldn’t confuse one with the other. The PQI scale ranges from 900 to 4700 and Hz range from 60 up to 120 and while the upper end of one will likely give you the upper end of the other, their comparison doesn’t really bear scrutiny.
What we mean by that can be explained by the fact that if you were to do a direct PQI to Hz comparison, you would see that all Samsung TVs that had a PQI between 900 and 3300 are considered as being in the 60Hz range while a PQI of between 3400 and 4700 equates to 120Hz.
There is no easy way to convert PQI to Hz but the below table shows you what the relative equivalent is.
Pqi to Hz comparison table
PQI Hz 900 – 3300 60 3400 – 4700 120
Not Comparing Apples With Apples
Essentially, the PQI scale includes a variety of factors that include Frames Per Second (FPS), noise reduction, colour, picture resolution and colour performance. Hz, on the other hand, only relates to FPS refresh rates, so you can’t really equate one to the other.
The only way you could do a direct comparison with Hz is to only look at the FPS performance of a TV, which is only one part of what makes up a PQI score. A higher PQI rating will naturally mean that the overall display specs of a TV will be higher, which might mean higher Hz, but that’s by no means guaranteed.
Helping Our Customers Make Wise Buying Decisions
So, as you can see, Hz and PQI ratings don’t really have that much to do with each other, so you shouldn’t automatically deduce that a higher PQI means a higher FPS rate, as often it doesn’t. They’re separate scales that describe different things and as such, shouldn’t be confused nearly as much as they are by the TV buying public.
At Simply Electricals, we offer great advice on all kinds of home entertainment tech and we offer that on a huge range of the latest TVs from the biggest manufacturers.
That’s something you can see by taking a browse through our easy-to-navigate website that categorises products by brand, technology type and more.
We’re keen to be of assistance if needed too, so if you have any questions about any of the products on our website or you just want some great advice, just fire us an email [email protected] and we’ll be glad to help.
Thanks for reading. Make sure you check out our other articles all around the latest tech.
What is the Refresh Rate? 60Hz vs 120Hz
This article explains the differences between a 60Hz and 120Hz refresh rate, how it affects the image, and how companies will try to trick you into thinking the TV has a higher refresh rate than it actually has.
A TV’s refresh rate is how many times the screen refreshes itself every second. It’s different from frames per second (fps), which defines how many frames the video source displays every second. The refresh rate is important for motion handling, as a higher refresh rate generally results in smoother motion, but it’s not always the case. It’s also important to not get confused with marketing terms that often inflate the refresh rate.
Test results
What Is The Refresh Rate?
Even though we don’t see it, our TV is constantly refreshing itself every second. A refresh rate defines how many times per second it draws a new image on the screen, and it’s written out in Hertz (Hz). A 60Hz refresh rate means that the screen is refreshing itself 60 times every second, and at 120Hz, it’s refreshing itself 120 times every second. This is different from frame rate, which is how many times per second the source sends a new frame. So if you have a source that’s displaying 60 frames per second, you always want your TV to be refreshing itself 60 times/second so that the refresh and frame rate match up, otherwise motion may look blurry.
When It Matters
The refresh rate affects motion handling; the more times the display can draw a new image the better it is for fast-moving content. Modern TVs either have a 60Hz or 120Hz refresh rate. Most high-end TVs have a 120Hz refresh rate, but it doesn’t mean they’re inherently better at motion handling either. The response time determines how good motion looks; a quick response time means that motion looks clear, while a TV with a slow response time leads to motion blur. Response time and refresh rate are indirectly related as a 120Hz panel is expected to have a better response time than a 60Hz panel, but it’s not a guarantee.
Since not all content will automatically have the same frame rate as your TV’s refresh rate, there are also ways a TV increases the frame rate to match up with the refresh rate, improving the appearance of motion.
When displaying 30 or 60 fps content
A 60 fps video played on a 120Hz TV should look almost identical to the same content played on a 60Hz TV. In a case like this, the TV either adjusts itself to match the refresh rate of the source, which effectively turns it into a 60Hz TV, or it simply doubles every frame.
As you can see from the picture above, a TV with a higher refresh rate doesn’t produce less motion blur. Since both of these TVs have a very similar response time, 60 fps content results in an almost identical picture.
To better showcase these differences, we compared two TVs side-by-side; a 60Hz model, and a 120Hz model, with similar response times. We filmed these TVs in slow motion to easily compare each individual frame.
When displaying 24 fps content
While a 120Hz TV doesn’t inherently produce better motion, it can provide a few advantages over standard 60Hz TVs. One of the most important advantages is the ability to play back content that is meant to be displayed at 24 fps, which is often found in movies. Most TVs can simply lower their own refresh rate to 24Hz when the content is 24 fps, but some sources, such as Chromecast, output video at 60 fps, even if the content is 24 fps. This means that the TV’s refresh rate remains at 60Hz, and motion won’t appear smooth, which is an effect called judder. A 60Hz TV has trouble removing 24 fps judder because 60 isn’t a multiple of 24. To display this type of content, a technique known as a “3:2 pulldown” is used. Basically, 12 of the 24 frames repeat three times, while the other 12 repeat twice, totaling 60 frames. Not everybody notices this, but it causes some scenes, notably panning shots, to appear juddery. However, 120Hz TVs have an advantage here because they can simply display each frame five times since 120 is a multiple of 24.
Learn more about judder here
When displaying 120 fps content
There are a few sources that display 120 fps, such as the Xbox Series X or the PS5, and having a 120Hz TV helps display this content at its max frame rate. While it’s rare to find content other than games with this frame rate, displaying 120 fps has a significant impact on the perceived motion. As you can see in the picture below, content looks much smoother at 120 fps than at 60 fps on a 120Hz TV.
With the release of HDMI 2.1, there may be more 120 fps sources available in the coming years. This new HDMI standard allows TVs to display 4k images up to 120 fps, whereas HDMI 2.0 allows up to 60 fps. This means that 120Hz TVs may slowly become the norm.
When using the motion interpolation feature
Another place where 120Hz is useful is if you enjoy the motion interpolation feature found on TVs (also known as the Soap Opera Effect). It allows the TV to generate frames between existing ones, increasing the frame rate to match up to the refresh rate. Most TVs have this feature; a 60Hz TV can interpolate 30 fps content, while a 120Hz TV can interpolate 30 and 60 fps content. This is why a 120Hz TV is an advantage over 60Hz since it can interpolate more types of content.
Black Frame Insertion
There are other ways to produce a similarly clear image as a 120Hz refresh rate. Many TVs these days have a feature called Black Frame Insertion. Essentially, the TV displays a black screen between each frame, which most people can’t see, but it can also make the screen dimmer. On most LED TVs, this is achieved by adjusting the flicker frequency of the backlight, which results in the backlight being turned off for half the frame. On OLED TVs, which don’t have a backlight, this is done by inserting a black frame in-between each frame.
Persistence blur occurs when your eyes move past a static image, such as each static frame that makes up moving content. With Black Frame Insertion, the static frame is present for a shorter duration, so the length of the persistence blur is shorter. Unfortunately, though, not everyone can stand the flickering, and some people may get annoyed after a while.
Different Refresh Rate From Different Sources
A TV is only as good as the content you are playing, and unfortunately, very little 120 fps content actually exists. With the new HDMI 2.1 standard, gaming consoles like the Xbox Series X and PS5 support 120 fps, but there isn’t much online content available at such a high frame rate. We’ve compiled a couple of lists of common entertainment sources as well as their respective refresh rates.
Content Frame Rate Netflix 24 fps to 60 fps Amazon Video 24 fps to 60 fps Blu-ray movies 24 fps YouTube 30 or 60 fps Cable/Broadcast TV (NTSC) 30 or 60 fps Cable/Broadcast TV (PAL) 25 or 50 fps Source Refresh Rate Xbox One S/X 24Hz to 120Hz Xbox Series X 24Hz to 120Hz PS4/PS4 Pro 24Hz to 60Hz PS5 24Hz to 120Hz Blu-ray players 24Hz to 60Hz PC Up to 240Hz Chromecast 60Hz Apple TV 24Hz to 60Hz
Additional Information
Variable Refresh rate
A source’s frame rate isn’t always constant, especially in games. It may drop and if that happens, it can lead to screen tearing because the frame rate of the game and the refresh rate of your TV don’t match up. There’s a feature called variable refresh rate (VRR) that aims to match the refresh and frame rate on-the-go, so if the frame rate of the game drops, the TV automatically lowers its refresh rate as well. This is only possible if both the TV and the source support VRR.
There are different formats of VRR, with AMD’s FreeSync, NVIDIA’s G-SYNC, and HDMI Forum VRR being the three most common types. G-SYNC is usually reserved for monitors, but some TVs are compatible with it. Higher-end Samsung and LG TVs have FreeSync, and support for HDMI Forum VRR is starting to grow on HDMI 2.1 TVs. As for compatible devices, the Xbox Series X supports FreeSync and HDMI Forum VRR, while the PS5 should receive an update in 2021 for HDMI Forum VRR.
Learn more about variable refresh rate
Fake refresh rate
TV companies will often market their refresh rates in ways to make it seem like it’s higher than it actually is. A company like Samsung uses the term ‘Motion Rate’; the Motion Rate on a 60Hz TV is 120, while a 120Hz model has a Motion Rate of 240; they effectively double the refresh rate to come up with this number, and there’s no real explanation as to why it’s marketed like that. LG uses ‘TruMotion’, Vizio has ‘Effective Refresh Rate’, and Sony has two terms: ‘MotionFlow XR’ and ‘X-Motion Clarity’. These marketing numbers don’t really mean anything, and you need to check the TV’s specs to find the real refresh rate.
Learn more about fake refresh rate
Flicker frequency
LCD TVs are lit by LED lights, and most TVs use Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) to dim the backlight. What this means is that the backlight turns itself off every few seconds, so it doesn’t get too bright. It’s not visible to the human eye because of how fast the frequency is. Flicker frequency, like refresh rate, is measured in Hz because we want to know how many times it flickers every second.
If the flicker frequency doesn’t match up with the refresh or frame rates, it can create some image duplication. As you can see in the images below, motion on the LG UN8500 has image duplication because its backlight flickers at 120Hz; this is double the 60 fps source. However, the Sony X800H has a flicker-free backlight, so there’s no image duplication – the motion blur is caused by a slower response time.
Conclusion
A refresh rate defines how often the screen refreshes itself every second. Although we can’t see it, the TV draws a new image from the source every few milliseconds. Generally, a higher refresh rate TV results in better motion handling, but it’s not always the case as there are other factors that come into play with motion. It’s important that your source’s frame rate and the TV’s refresh rate each match in order to create smooth, stutter-free motion. For most people, a TV with a 60Hz refresh rate is good enough since there isn’t much 4k content that goes past 60 fps. However, 120Hz TVs with HDMI 2.1 support are beneficial to gamers as they allow for higher frame rates.
What is Samsung’s PQI Technology?
What does PQI mean?
The picture quality index (or PQI for short) is a rating system that allows us to differentiate between Samsung’s 2015 and 2016 superb range of TVs.
Whilst we know that any Samsung TV will provide you with a stunning picture, there are, of course, differing levels of quality within the range.
100 to 2700 PQI
The rating system itself ranges from a bottom of the scale PQI rating of 100 , right the way up to a PQI rating of 2700. It is important to re-emphasise that the lowest rating on the scale is not indicative of a bad picture, it is merely the lowest PQI rating of the Samsung range.
Deciding factors
There are a number of factors that go into deciding the rating of a particular Samsung TV. The tech spec of each individual unit will vary and result in a different grading of picture quality.
So, let’s have a look at what these factors are.
Resolution – Your TV will either have HD, Full HD, 4K Ultra HD or 4K Ultra HD HDR spec. Samsung’s amazing upscaling technology will make the most of any picture for your television, whatever rating it has.
Colour – Samsung’s proprietary colour technology includes Purcolour along with Quantom Dot displays. There is a difference between the two, but both will deliver realistic and jaw-dropping colour.
Brightness & Contrast
The higher up the scale you go, you will see subtle differences in the truest blacks and the whitest whites. The sharpness in the darkest shadowy scenes in movies will be where you will notice the real difference in quality.
Motion
The higher rated TVs on the scale will produce a higher frames per second rate and will bring fast action scenes even more to life, providing smooth, judder-free viewing.
Noise reduction
The level of noise reduction is also a factor in the PQI rating. This is however, nothing to do with the audio output of your TV. The ‘noise’ we are talking about refers to the level of unnecessary light and dark colour, which when removed will leave you with stunning true-to-life colours. Noise reducing spec includes Samsung’s own Clean View technology.
Immersivity
Throughout the mid to upper range of Samsung’s 2015 & 2016 TVs including their Quantom TVs, you will find curved screens which ‘pull’ you into an immersive viewing experience as the side edges are closer to the viewer than the middle of the screen. Whether or not the TV has this, will affect its PQI rating.
More information
Here at Simply Electricals, we pride ourselves on giving the best up-to-date information on appliances, offering in-depth product specifications and an overview of product functionalities, helping to provide all the information you would need before choosing the best electrical appliance for your home.
Thanks for reading. Check back with us soon for more tips, news and advice from the home of top audio and visual tech.
If you would like more information or a detailed product review, then email us at
Why not read the updated Samsung PQI 2021 blog here
I Found out difference of PQI to Hertz
Hi, thanks for reply. All I’ve done for the past month is read reviews on line, visiting Tv shops and trying to learn what all the specifications mean and everyone seems to have a different view and your mind starts to boggle!!! Most tv’s are measured in Hertz, hense why I called Samsung directly to find out what the 1400 PQI equivelant is and yesterday they told me 1400pqi = 200hrz… but then someone messaged back saying that was wrong info as it Only = 50hrz… So, I’m just off the phone to Samsung again and spoke to someone different and they have just gave me the same info – 1400pqi =200hertz.
This was the Only reason I posted in the first place, to let people know pqi vs hertz question that nobody seems to know… as it is important to find out about the picture quality/ speed etc etc.
My head is frazzled with it all so, I think I’ll now leave the choice to my 23yr old Son who’s big enough to do more searching on his own, it’s just me that has to put my hand in my pocket and pay for whatever one he finally goes for…lol
But I’m done!!!
Thanks Ange
Co to jest Picture Quality Index? / Poradnik
specyfikacje techniczne telewizorów marki Picture Quality Index (PQI). W dzisiejszym poradniku postaramy się wyjaśnić, czym jest ten parametr i jaki ma wpływ na jakość obrazu wyświetlanego na ekranie. Przeglądająctelewizorów marki Samsung możemy się spotkać z oznaczeniem. W dzisiejszym poradniku postaramy się wyjaśnić, czym jest ten parametr i jaki ma wpływ na jakość obrazu wyświetlanego na ekranie.
Picture Quality Index – co to jest?
PQI, pojawił się w współczynnik, który opisuje jakość obrazu. Do tej pory był on wyrażany za pomocą liczb w zakresie od 100 do 3700. W sezonie 2020/2021 wskaźnik wzrósł – mieści się teraz w zakresie od 900 do 4700. Im wyższa wartość, tym lepsza jakość obrazu. Jest ona szczególnie ważna w przypadku filmów akcji, meczów czy gier, czyli tam, gdzie obraz zmienia się dynamicznie. Jednym z telewizorów, w których zastosowano ten parametr jest Samsung UE 65TU7092UXXH – ma on Picture Quality Index 2000. W telewizorach Samsung Quantum Dot współczynnik PQI wynosi od 3100 w górę, natomiast w modelach UHD jest niższy. Nowy parametr Picture Quality Index, w skrócie, pojawił się w telewizorach Samsung , które zostały zaprezentowane w styczniu 2015 roku na targach CES. Jest to, który opisuje. Do tej pory był on wyrażany za pomocą liczb w. W sezonie 2020/2021 wskaźnik wzrósł – mieści się teraz w zakresie. Im wyższa wartość, tym lepsza jakość obrazu. Jest ona szczególnie ważna w przypadku filmów akcji, meczów czy gier, czyli tam, gdzie obraz zmienia się dynamicznie. Jednym z telewizorów, w których zastosowano ten parametr jest– ma on. W telewizorach Samsung Quantum Dot współczynnik PQI wynosi od 3100 w górę, natomiast w modelach UHD jest niższy.
Warto pamiętać, że parametr Picture Quality Index został stworzony przez markę Samsung, dlatego znajduje zastosowanie tylko w telewizorach tej marki. Inni producenci wprowadzają w telewizorach swoje oznaczenia. Z tego względu nie powinniśmy porównywać optymalizacji ruchu w telewizorach różnych producentów.
Co wpływa na współczynnik PQI?
Istnieje wiele czynników, które wpływają na współczynnik Picture Quality Index. Składa się na niego kilka parametrów, które biorą udział w wyświetlaniu i poprawianiu obrazu. Są to m.in.:
Rozdzielczość ekranu – telewizory Samsung 8K i 4K będą mieć najwyższe współczynniki PQI, natomiast telewizory z ekranem HD najniższe.
Odwzorowanie kolorów – w telewizorach Samsung znajdziemy technologię Quantum Dot oraz PurColor. Jest między nimi różnica, ale obie dobrze odwzorowują kolory i zapewniają wysoką ostrość obrazu.
Jasność obrazu i kontrast – im wyższy wskaźnik PQI, tym lepiej telewizor radzi sobie z wyświetlaniem bardzo jasnych i ciemnych scen.
Współczynnik ruchu (FPS/Hz) – im wyższą oceną mają telewizory Samsung w skali PQI, tym generują większą liczbę klatek na sekundę, co z kolei zapewnia płynność obrazu bez drgań, nawet w szybkich scenach akcji.
Redukcja szumów – to kolejny czynnik, który wpływa na ocenę PQI. Nie odnosi się jednak do dźwięku, a jakości obrazu. Technologia Clean View analizuje materiał źródłowy i usuwa z niego zniekształcenia, dzięki czemu zapewnia lepszą jakość obrazu.
Rodzaj ekranu (zakrzywiony lub płaski) – zakrzywione ekrany poszerzają pole widzenia i oferują lepsze wrażenie głębi, co wpływa na wyższy wskaźnik PQI.
Źródło: samsung.com.de
Jak obliczyć wskaźnik Picture Quality Index?
Tak jak wspomnieliśmy wcześniej, im wyższy wskaźnik PQI, tym wyższą płynnością ruchomego obrazu jest w stanie uzyskać telewizor. Pamiętajmy jednak, że niższy współczynnik PQI wcale nie świadczy o złej jakości obrazu .
Przy obliczaniu tego wskaźnika producent bierze pod uwagę bardzo dużo parametrów, dlatego nie jest dokładnie wiadome, jaki przelicznik stosuje marka Samsung. Nie ma też żadnego kalkulatora, z którego moglibyśmy skorzystać, aby obliczyć tę wartość.
Postrzeganie ruchu przez widza jest mocno subiektywne, jednak trzeba przyznać, że w telewizorach z wysokim współczynnikiem Picture Quality Index szybkie akcje prezentują się o wiele lepiej.
Picture Quality Index vs. Hz
W hercach (Hz) podawana jest częstotliwość odświeżania. Ten parametr informuje o tym, ile razy w ciągu sekundy odświeżany jest obraz na ekranie. Im wyższa wartość w hercach, tym płynniejszy obraz. Obecnie mamy na rynku odbiorniki z częstotliwością odświeżania 50 Hz, 100 Hz i 200 Hz. Praktycznie wszystkie współczesne telewizory działają z częstotliwością 60 Hz, natomiast częstotliwość 120 Hz mają modele z wyższej półki.
Jeśli chodzi o dodatkową technologię odświeżania, producenci telewizorów mają własne nazwy i częstotliwości. W przypadku marki Samsung jest to Picture Quality Index. Nie należy jednak porównywać tych dwóch parametrów, ponieważ Hz odnosi się tylko do częstotliwości odświeżania, natomiast PQI obejmuje kilka innych czynników.
Producenci jednak coraz rzadziej podają częstotliwość odświeżania matrycy, dlatego współczynnik PQI jest jedynym parametrem, który określa płynność obrazu.
Picture Quality Index vs. Motion rate
Marka Samsung do 2014 roku używała parametru CMR (Clear Motion Rate), jednak w 2015 roku został on zastąpiony współczynnikiem Picture Quality Index. W Stanach Zjednoczonych zamiast PQI stosuje się parametr Motion Rate.
Przeczytaj więcej naszych poradników o telewizorach:
What is the LG Picture Mastering Index (PMI)?
With its 2015 TV models, LG introduces a comparison value for the picture quality of its own TV sets, the PMI (Picture Mastering Index). But what does the PMI mean?
The predecessor index (before 2015): MCI or UCI (Motion Clearity Index and Ultra Clarity Index)
LG’s television models before 2015 were awarded the MCI or television with 4K (Utra HD) resolution with UCI. These were referred to as the refresh rate and expressed in Hertz (Hz).However, not only the refresh rate of the screen (frame rate) was indicated, but also the improvement mechanisms for moving image optimization were included.
The MCI refers next to the refresh rate (Panel refresh) also includes the backlight blinking / scanning, local dimming and intermediate image computation into the image display.
For example, a 100 Hz panel is at LG to a rapid display with 400 Hz MCI. The LG-TV also outputs a maximum of 100 images per second. Calculated is the refresh rate of LG: 100 Hz (panel refresh) × 2 (interframe calculation) × 2 (backlight scanning / blinking) = 400 Hz MCI.
The UCI is calculated similar to the MCI, but it is applied to all high-resolution LG Ultra-HD TVs.
What is PMI? Meaning of LG Picture Motion Index (PMI)
PMI is the abbreviation for LGs Picture Mastering Index (to German: “Picture calculation Index”), which replaces the previous index MCI with the 2015er LG TV models. Like the predecessor, this value also consists of various factors that influence the picture quality. In general, the higher the value, the more image enhancement mechanisms are used for display.LG provides the calculation of the PMI by 3 properties:
“Clarity”: clarity
“Color”: Color rendering
“Contrast”: Contrast
These three properties are also influenced by three factors:
Digital image processor
LED screen technology
BLU technology
The exact calculation method of the PMI is unknown, but the index is likely to be calculated similar to the predecessor index CMI. For the calculation of the PMI, similar image enhancement mechanisms are used and multiplied by the hertz number of the screen.However, the PMI is unitless and is not indicated as heart rate (Hz) as for the CMI.
TV from 100 PMI to 2300 PMI
The Picture Mastering Index starts at 100 PMI and ends (currently) at 2300 PMI. LG’s entry-level model in the German market, the LF5400 series But starts at 300 PMI. The top models of UF9509 series Have 2400 PMI. It should be noted that 100 PMI can not be equated with a basically poor image quality. Because already the Full HD Television with low PQI already have a very good picture quality. Especially “smaller” TV (up to about 40 inches) need in most cases no 4K resolution. But generally, a higher index promises a better picture.
Comprendre l’indice de fluidité d’image d’un TV : Hz, PQI, PMI…
Tous les fabricants de téléviseurs indiquent sur leurs modèles un indice de fluidité d’image, généralement exprimé en Hertz ou simplement par un nombre à 3 ou 4 chiffres accolé à un acronyme dont on ne connait pas toujours la signification. Plus cet indice est élevé, plus l’image en mouvement est sensée être fluide et nette.
Mais que cachent réellement des appellations telles que PQI (Picture Quality Index chez Samsung), PMI (Picture Mastering Index chez LG), PMR (Perfect Motion Rate chez Philips) ou encore BMR et IFC (Backlight Motion Rate et Intelligent Frame Creation chez Panasonic) ?
Comment fonctionne un téléviseur ?
Le principe de fonctionnement d’un téléviseur est simple : une série d’images fixes est affichée suffisamment rapidement pour que notre cerveau fasse un lien entre chaque image et perçoive une image en mouvement. La fréquence de rafraîchissement du téléviseur indique combien de fois par seconde une nouvelle image peut être affichée. Elle est calée sur la fréquence du courant électrique : 60 Hz pour les systèmes qui adoptaient la norme NTSC et 50 Hz pour ceux qui adoptaient la norme PAL. En Europe (système PAL), un téléviseur HDTV lambda peut donc a minima rafraîchir son image 50 fois par seconde, aux États-Unis (système NTSC), 60 fois par seconde.
La fluidité : le Graal des fabricants de TV
On l’a tous constaté en regardant la retransmission d’un événement sportif sur un téléviseur LCD basique, les images en mouvement peuvent s’afficher de manière saccadée, floue, avec du scintillement voire un phénomène de rémanence (trace de l’image précédente) sur les téléviseurs dont la fréquence de rafraîchissement n’est que de 50 ou 60 images/seconde.
Les fabricants ont donc mis en place plusieurs technologies afin d’améliorer la perception des images en mouvements et limiter les saccades, le flou et autres imperfections.
Améliorer la fluidité et la netteté.
La fréquence de rafraîchissement native
C’est le premier élément sur lequel les fabricants de téléviseurs peuvent travailler : utiliser une dalle capable de rafraichir l’image non plus 50 fois mais 100 ou 200 fois par seconde. Avec une fréquence de rafraîchissement native plus élevée, on peut mettre en place un processus qui va permettre d’afficher plus d’images par seconde, pour obtenir à l’écran un résultat plus fluide et plus détaillé.
Avec une dalle capable d’afficher 100 ou 200 images par seconde, il est ainsi possible d’améliorer grandement la fluidité et la netteté des images en mouvement. Pour cela, plusieurs techniques existent : l’insertion d’image et l’interpolation d’image qui font intervenir un véritable processus de traitement vidéo, mais aussi le Backlight Flashing et le Backlight Scanning qui consistent en un clignotement haute fréquence du rétro-éclairage. Ces procédés peuvent être utilisés indépendamment ou conjointement.
L’insertion d’images
Ce traitement vidéo à pour mission d’intercaler une ou plusieurs images entre chaque image originale envoyée par la source. Chaque image originale est simplement clonée pour doubler (100 Hz) ou quadrupler (200 Hz) la fréquence d’origine. C’est un traitement vidéo simple et peu couteux à mettre en place pour un fabricant, puisqu’il n’est pas très gourmand en puissance de calcul et nécessite simplement une dalle capable de rafraîchir son image 100 ou 200 fois par seconde.
L’interpolation d’images
C’est le traitement le plus efficace pour améliorer la fluidité. Dans ce cas, une ou plusieurs images intermédiaires sont “fabriquées” par un processeur vidéo spécialisé très puissant. Celui-ci analyse en permanence l’image envoyée par la source (lecteur Blu-ray, tuner TNT, box ADSL…) et identifie les parties en mouvement entre chaque image source. Il construit alors une ou plusieurs images intermédiaires qui permettent de fluidifier l’affichage et de conserver le niveau de détails sur les images en mouvement.
La fréquence d’affichage peut ainsi être doublée (100 Hz = une image créée entre deux images natives) ou quadruplée (200 Hz = trois images créées entre deux images natives). Les travellings sont nets, fluides, sans saccade. C’est la technologie appelée Intelligent Frame Creation (IFC) chez Panasonic ou Motionflow chez Sony, par exemple.
Backlight Flashing et Backlight Scanning
En plus d’augmenter la fréquence de rafraîchissement native de la dalle et d’intercaler de nouvelles images entre les images d’origine, les fabricants de TV ont mis au point un autre procédé pour améliorer les images en mouvement, réduire les effets de flou et limiter le scintillement : le Backlight Flashing ou Backlight Scanning.
Il s’agit d’un système de clignotement du rétro-éclairage à fréquence très élevée qui double la fréquence déjà obtenue par insertion ou interpolation d’image. Chaque image “entière” (native et insérée ou interpolée) est alors rétroéclairée en deux parties successives : d’abord la moitié inférieure puis la moitié supérieure, ou d’abord la partie centrale, puis les parties hautes et basses, par exemple. Le cerveau interprétant cette alternance d’image comme un doublement de la fréquence d’affichage (sur le même principe que l’entrelacement des images sur les anciens téléviseurs à tube cathodique). Avec cette technique, un téléviseur doté d’un traitement vidéo 100 Hz (fréquence de l’affichage natif multipliée par deux) passe à une fréquence image de 200 Hz, et un téléviseur avec traitement vidéo 200 Hz (fréquence de l’affichage natif multipliée par quatre) passe à une fréquence image de 400 Hz.
Effectuée à la bonne vitesse, l’alternance de portions d’image passe totalement inaperçue et le cerveau est en quelque sorte trompé, la fréquence d’image perçue étant ainsi virtuellement doublée.
Avantages et inconvénients
L’insertion d’image et l’interpolation d’image sont particulièrement efficaces avec des sources vidéo telles que les programmes diffusés à la télévision, les retransmissions d’événements sportifs et les jeux vidéo. La résolution des images en mouvement est excellente et la luminosité du téléviseur n’est pas impactée.
En contrepartie, les images insérées produisent un important effet de lissage qui peut être gênant pour certaines personnes, notamment avec les films de cinéma tournés en 24 images par secondes. On peut ainsi déplorer un rendu étrange, comme si le film avait été tourné avec un caméscope, appelé effet “soap opera” outre Atlantique.
Par ailleurs, l’insertion d’image comme l’interpolation d’image demandent un certain temps de calcul, ce qui peut se révéler handicapant sur les jeux vidéo rapides, en créant un décalage entre le moment où la console envoie l’image vers l’écran et le moment où celle-ci est affichée (phénomène appelé input lag). C’est pourquoi certains téléviseurs proposent un mode jeu dans lequel ces traitements vidéos sont désactivés.
Le Backlight Flashing et le Backlight Scanning permettent en quelque sorte de “tromper” le cerveau : en faisant clignoter très rapidement le rétro-éclairage de la dalle pour afficher successivement des portions de l’image à haute fréquence, le cerveau à l’impression que l’image est rafraîchie plus souvent.
Par contre, l’effet indésirable inhérent à ces techniques est une perte de luminosité (parfois conséquente), induite par les portions de l’image qui ne sont pas rétro-éclairées.
Sur la majorité des téléviseurs, les technologies de traitement d’image peuvent être désactivées (elles le sont d’ailleurs souvent par défaut lorsqu’on choisit le mode image “Cinéma”). Le téléspectateur peut ainsi régler l’image selon ses goûts en fonction de la source (série TV, film, événement sportif…) et activer ou non les différents niveaux de traitement d’image.
La question de la source
Dans certains cas, l’effet de flou peut provenir du fichier source. C’est relativement fréquent avec des films tournés sur de la pellicule (et non en numérique). Le nombre d’images par seconde offert par ce type de support (généralement 24 images par seconde) n’étant pas suffisamment élevé pour les mouvements rapides, un effet de flou est donc inévitable. Sauf à utiliser un lecteur Blu-ray haut de gamme – comme les Oppo BDP-103 et Oppo BDP-105D ou l’une de leurs nombreuses déclinaisons – ou un scaler vidéo – comme le DVDO iScan Duo, ces appareils disposant d’un circuit vidéo très performant, capable d’effectuer une multitude de traitements simultanés pour améliorer l’image.
Conclusion : comment interpréter les indices de fluidité
Pour se démarquer les uns des autres, tous les fabricants de téléviseurs rivalisent d’appellations marketing pas toujours très explicites, dans une course à l’indice de fluidité le plus élevé. Malheureusement pour le consommateur, ces indices ne sont pas très faciles à comprendre, le nombre indiqué n’étant parfois que la somme des fréquences des différents traitements appliqués : fréquence native de la dalle + nombre d’images traitées par le moteur graphique + fréquence du rétro-éclairage, etc.
L’indice de fluidité permet donc de se faire une idée concernant les performances du téléviseur en termes de traitement d’image. Mais il ne dit rien sur les technologies effectivement mises en œuvre. Ainsi, un téléviseur proposant un indice de traitement de 200 peut être soit un téléviseur avec interpolation d’image à 100 Hz et Backlight Scanning, ou un téléviseur avec interpolation d’image à 200 Hz mais sans Backlight Scanning. Il faut alors être attentif aux fiches techniques des constructeurs qui mentionnent généralement le détail des traitements vidéos et des techniques de rétro-éclairage adoptées par chaque modèle.
D’une manière générale, mieux vaut donc privilégier un téléviseur HD ou un téléviseur UHD-4K avec une dalle rapide et un traitement vidéo par insertion ou interpolation d’image à haute fréquence, la technologie de backlight flashing ou backlight scanning pouvant apporter un plus sur certains programmes. À chacun ensuite de paramétrer les différents traitements vidéo proposés par le téléviseur, en fonction de la source, du rendu souhaité et de ses goûts en matière d’image. On peut ainsi très bien utiliser les traitements de fluidité à leur maximum pour regarder du tennis ou du football mais les désactiver sur les films pour conserver un effet cinéma à l’écran, ou encore n’en conserver que quelques uns sur les jeux vidéos, pour éviter de réagir trop lentement lors des actions rapides.
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